As our dogs age, we expect to see some physical changes - more naps, slower movement, and maybe even a few gray hairs. However, cognitive decline is an aspect of aging that may surprise some pet parents. Just like humans can develop Alzheimer’s disease, dogs can experience cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), commonly referred to as dog dementia.
CDS, or dog dementia, is a neurobehavioral disorder in senior dogs characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities that goes beyond normal aging. Dog dementia causes changes in memory, learning, and behavior that can significantly impact quality of life.
How common is dementia in dogs? Pretty common actually. About 28% of dogs between 11 and 12 years old are affected by CDS, and this number rises to 68% in dogs between 15 and 16.
What are the signs of dog dementia?
Because symptoms of dog dementia tend to develop gradually around 10 years old, many pet parents mistake them for normal signs of aging. But if your dog exhibits any of the following behaviors, it may be time to consult a veterinary neurologist.
Signs of dog dementia may include:
- A blank stare
- Getting lost in familiar places or getting stuck going around things
- Not recognizing familiar people or pets
- Becoming more clingy or less social
- Less interest in walking, playing, or eating
- Becoming irritable or developing anxiety
- Pacing or vocalizing at night instead of sleeping
- Struggling with commands, failing to learn new tasks, or house soiling
Additionally, dogs with dementia have shown signs of neurological impairments, much like Alzheimer’s patients who often face movement challenges such as restlessness, difficulty walking, and tremors.
What triggers dementia in dogs?
Dementia in dogs is caused by age-related changes in the brain, similar to those seen in Alzheimer’s patients. Most notably, as the brain ages, neurons begin to deteriorate. Neurons are brain cells responsible for transmitting information. As these die off, your dog’s ability to learn, remember, regulate behavior, and even coordinate movements can decline.
Some of the age-driven factors that contribute to dog dementia include:
- Weakening of the body’s natural antioxidant defenses, making brain cells more vulnerable to damage from free radicals
- Structural changes to the brain, such as shrinking in size and the degeneration of white matter
- Buildup of a protein called beta-amyloid, which creates a toxic environment for neurons
It’s also worth noting that dogs with certain health conditions, such as epilepsy, or those leading sedentary lifestyles, may be at a higher risk of developing dementia.
How do vets diagnose dementia in dogs?
There is no single test to diagnose dementia in dogs. While the information we receive from pet parents and the clinical signs we observe can provide us with clues, symptoms of dog dementia can mimic other conditions. Conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, brain tumors, hearing loss, and even behavioral disorders can all cause similar symptoms. Therefore, it’s essential to rule out any underlying health issues with a complete evaluation before making a diagnosis.
A complete evaluation for dog dementia may include:
- Patient history
- Clinical signs
- Physical and neurological exams
- Blood work and urine tests
- MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Can you do anything for a dog with dementia?
While there is no cure for dog dementia, early intervention and proper management can slow its progression and improve your dog’s quality of life. Just like any other muscle in the body, activity and nutrition are critical to brain health, so treatment generally involves a combination of environmental enrichment, diet, and medication.
Environmental Enrichment
Regular mental and physical stimulation can help keep your dog’s brain active, such as:
- Walks or other exercise
- Engaging with your dog
- New or interactive toys
- Training exercises
- Maintaining a routine
Diet
A diet high in antioxidants and fatty acids, along with certain supplements work to support cognitive function. Examples of specially formulated prescription diets that you can speak to your vet about include:
- Hill’s b/d
- Purina Pro Plan Neurocare
- Royal Canin Mature Consult
Medications
Medications may be prescribed to target specific symptoms like anxiety and sleep disturbances, but there are also medications that can help slow cognitive decline:
- MAO inhibitors, which help neurons communicate with each other and protect the brain from damage
- Drugs that improve circulation to the brain and decrease the chance of blood clots
- Drugs that positively affect cholinergic transmission, a process by which neurons, nerves, and muscles communicate with each other
In addition to these management techniques, making your home more accessible for your aging dog can help. For example, placing potty pads near doors, providing night lights, and even orthopedic beds can improve their comfort.
How long does a dog with dementia live?
Although dog dementia is a progressive disease, early intervention can help slow its course. Recognizing the early signs and seeking specialized veterinary care can make a significant difference in how long a dog with dementia will live. With proper support, many dogs can still enjoy a good quality of life.
Is it dog dementia? Reach out to Southeast Veterinary Neurology for answers.
Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS), or dog dementia, is a common, yet often underdiagnosed, condition in dogs. If you notice any unusual behavior or cognitive changes in your senior dog, Southeast Veterinary Neurology can help you confirm, understand, and manage dog dementia. With the right combination of treatment, environmental enrichment, and ongoing support, you and your dog can continue to enjoy the golden years. Don’t wait. Contact our compassionate team of neurology experts today in Miami, Boynton Beach, Jupiter, and Virginia Beach.